Black liquor gasification with calcium looping for carbon-negative pulp and paper industry

Although considered one of the major energy-intensive industries (EIIs), pulp and paper industry has also potential for energy production from an industrial waste, black liquor. This study proposes liquor gasification (BLG) coupled with calcium looping (CaL) as a CO2 capture route industry. BLG H2 (BLG-CaL-H2), gas turbine combined cycle (BLG-CaL-GT) or solid oxide fuel cell (BLG-CaL-SOFC) were considered. The dependence carbon storage (CCS) cost on natural gas, limestone, electricity imported sale prices aside expenditures related BLG-CaL evaluated. CCS route, based CaL retrofitted to plant, was found have lower avoided (39.0 €/tCO2) when compared (48.8–57.1 €/tCO2). Between scenarios, BLG-CaL-H2 presented lowest (48.8 but highest penalty. Based thermodynamic performance, it shown that retrofit BLG-CaL-SOFC best overall turning importer reference plant into exporter. economic sensitivity showed capital requirement strong effect all alternatives. is strongly affected by price while BLG-CaL-GT are dependent price.